Regional Characteristics of Poverty Segregations in Baranya County

Abstract

Segregation is a complex problem in every developed and developing country and it is influenced by territorial, historical, demographic and economic effects. To find the solution to this growing problem it is necessary to know how segregation is affected by various factors. In this case we are capable to describe the appropriate strategy. This study examines the regional characteristics of poverty and segregation in Baranya county, Hungary. It describes and analyzes the regularities and correlations on NUTS 3 level and compares four segregated inhabited areas in different areas of the county. According to our theory, segregation has different roots and characteristics depending on the geographical location. As a result of carefully selected research areas this study is carried out to discover these regional differences and characteristics. Based on the results we implement a standardization system as a basis of the future researches and strategies. Finally we analyze the local conditions and categorize them, by means of the previously established standardization system.
In addition to the isolated position of the living areas, other risk factors of segregation include low ageing index, high rate of Roma population, the lack of comfort in homes, the education level of residents and the rate and quality of employment. The characteristics of segregated areas vary from territory to territory, but their population have very similar problems. Based on territorial, social and economic factors, an antisegregation program should be launched to manage these factors together, symptomatic help is not enough. Ongoing employment programs can be considered a good first step, but we have to realize that segregation cannot be resolved merely by raising the inhabitants’ income since it is still below average and not enough for improving their standard of living. At the same time public employment is indispensable, as it is nearly impossible for socially disadvantaged and permanently unemployed people to get a job on the primary market. This program gives them a chance to return to recover financially.
By reforming public employment we could get long-term and significant results. Public employment should focus on the job market, employees have the chance to work for real companies with a wage discount or their public employment salary could be funded with the current method and they would not be a financial burden for the employers. This way they could gain real and valuable experience. The analysis of this method could be the subject of a future study.
The effects of segregation can be reduced by implementing social integration programs for the marginalized population. There are positive examples and attempts in several towns in Baranya, in the next phaseof this it would be useful to follow up on these projects, describe and analyze their effects. It is also important to prepare a detailed and up-to-date segregation survey and to create a public database to be able to follow the results of several projects funded by Hungary and European Union. This would contribute greatly to refining the programs and adapting them to the specific territory. The results of this study can help manage the problems of marginalized social groups and territorial segregation and also create a strategy to handle them.